Cells are normally cryopreserved for storage and shipping, however
cryopreservation is a strenuous process for cells. Cryopreservation media
contains toxic chemicals, such as DMSO and glycerol, to avoid ice crystal
formation that kills cells.
Very low temperatures induce suspended animation in cells, characterised by
cell cycle arrest, membrane changes, body shrinkage, spindle disorganisation
resulting in some scattering of chromosomes (1), and metabolic interruption.
These are identical changes that also occur in living animals in hibernation,
where tissues and cells exposed to a specific environmental event such as deeply
cold temperatures, hypoxia, environmental low pH, or excess of CO2 in the
atmosphere.